Abstract Introduction: The result of surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation remains controversial, although prospective and randomized studies have shown significant differences in the return to sinus rhythm in patients treated with ablation versus control group. Surgery of the Labyrinth, proposed by Cox and colleagues, is complex and increases the morbidity rate. Therefore, studies are needed to confirm the impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life of these patients. Objective: To analyze the results obtained in the treatment of atrial fibrillation by surgical approach, by Gomes procedure, for mitral valve surgery in patients with rheumatic heart disease associated with chronic atrial fibrillation. Methods: We studied 20 patients with mitral valve dysfunction of rheumatic etiology, evolving with chronic atrial fibrillation, submitted to surgical treatment of valvular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation by Gomes procedure. Results: The mean duration of infusion ranged from 65.8±11.22 and aortic clamping of 40.8±7.87 minutes. Of 20 patients operated, 19 (95%) patients were discharged with normal atrial heart rhythm. One (5%) patient required permanent endocardial pacing. In the postoperative follow-up of six months, 18 (90%) patients continued with regular atrial rhythm, one (5%) patient returned to atrial fibrillation and one (5%) patient continued to require endocardial pacemaker to maintain regular rhythm. Conclusion: Gomes procedure associated with surgical correction of mitral dysfunction simplified the surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease and persistent atrial fibrillation. The results showed that it is a safe and effective procedure.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a acurácia da detecção de calcificação da aorta abdominal por meio de densitometria em comparação com a radiografia lateral de coluna. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Casuística de 80 indivíduos, sendo 50 com diagnóstico de calcificação de aorta abdominal e 30 sem calcificação. Densitometria realizada uma única vez em cada participante, com o paciente em decúbito lateral direito. RESULTADOS: Em relação à idade e ao índice de massa corporal tivemos grupos semelhantes, com idade média de 74,56 ± 10,55 anos e 68,40 ± 10,80 anos e índice de massa corporal de 28,94 ± 6,06 kg/m² e 26,84 ± 4,11 kg/m² nos grupos com calcificação de aorta abdominal e sem calcificação de aorta abdominal, respectivamente. A comparação estatística da densitometria com a radiografia mostra que são semelhantes na detecção da calcificação de aorta abdominal, com valores de 100% na especificidade e valor preditivo positivo; sensibilidade de 94%, valor preditivo negativo de 90,9% e acurácia de 96,3%. Equivalência qualitativa no diagnóstico foi demonstrada pelo índice de correlação de kappa de 0,922. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados da radiografia e da densitometria são estatisticamente equivalentes, o que permite sugerir a investigação de calcificação de aorta abdominal pela densitometria para a detecção de calcificação da aorta abdominal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy in the detection of abdominal aortic calcification by densitometry as compared with lateral spine radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study comprising 80 individuals, 50 of them with abdominal aortic calcification and 30 without calcification. Densitometry was performed once for each participant, with the patient in right lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in terms of age range and body mass index - mean age of 74.56 ± 10.55 years and 68.40 ± 10.80 years and mean body mass index of 28.94 ± 6.06 kg/m², and 26.84 ± 4.11 kg/m², respectively for the individuals with abdominal aortic calcification and for the individuals without calcification. A statistical comparison between densitometry and radiography demonstrates similar performances of the two methods in the detection of abdominal aortic calcification, with 100% specificity and positive predictive value, 94% sensitivity, 90.9% negative predictive value, and 96.3% accuracy. Qualitative equivalence in diagnosis was demonstrated by kappa correlation index of 0.922. CONCLUSION: The results obtained by radiography and densitometry were statistically equivalent, which endorses the indication of densitometry for investigating abdominal aortic calcification.

OBJETIVO: Testar a validade do cálculo da área valvar mitral (AVM) aplicando o método de meia-pressão do Doppler (MP) diretamente às curvas de pressão de átrio esquerdo (AE) e capilar pulmonar (Cap). MÉTODOS: Trinta e cinco pacientes com estenose valvar mitral (EVM) foram submetidos a valvotomia mitral percutânea pela técnica de Cribier com monitorização por cálculos de AVM feitos pelos métodos tradicionais (Gorlin e Eco-Doppler) e pelo proposto. Os valores de AVM calculados antes e após os procedimentos foram comparados entre si e foi aplicado modelo de regressão linear para cálculos recíprocos de AVM. RESULTADOS: Observou-se correlação entre os valores calculados por todos os métodos. O método proposto correlacionou-se fortemente com os demais (p< 0,05) notadamente antes da abertura valvar. Foram encontradas fórmulas simples para cálculo recíproco de AVM. CONCLUSÃO: O método proposto para cálculo de AVM seja sobre a curva pressórica de AE ou Cap mostrou-se preciso e simples monitorizando com segurança os procedimentos de valvotomoa mitral percutânea.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the validity of the calculation in MVA applying the method of Doppler pressure half-time directly in left atrial (LA) and pulmonary capillary pressure curve. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with mitral valve stenosis underwent percutaneous mitral valvotomy (PMV) using the Cribier method with MVA measurement made using the traditional methods (Gorlin and echo-Doppler) and this propose. MVA values obtained were compared and a linear regression model was used to obtain formula for reciprocal calculations of the mitral valve area. RESULTS: A statistically correlation was found between the calculated values by all methods. The proposed method showed a strong correlation (p< 0.05) with the others mainly before valve opening. Simple reciprocal calculation formulas were found for mitral valve area assessment. CONCLUSION: The proposed method for the calculation of mitral valve area using LA or Cap proved to be highly accurate and simple making it possible to safely monitor valvotomy procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal septal alcoholization in the treatment of refractory obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOC). METHODS: The patients were referred for alcoholization after Doppler echocardiography. Before and after alcoholization, the intraventricular pressure gradient was recorded. Alcoholization was performed with a 3mL injection of absolute alcohol through a coronary angioplasty balloon catheter. The procedure was concluded after a significant reduction or abolition of the pressure gradient. RESULTS: Of 22 patients, 18 (81.8%) successfully concluded the procedure with a reduction in intraventricular pressure gradient at baseline (from 67.6±24.2 mmHg to 3.8± 1.9 mmHg, p<0.005) and after extrasystole (from 110.4± 24.2 mmHg to 9.6±2.6 mm Hg, p<0.005). A significant reduction in mean interventricular septal thickness (from 2± 0.3 mm to 1.7±0.2 mm, p<0.005) and in peak pressure gradient (from 90.7±23.5 mmHg to 6.1±1.4 mmHg, p<0.005) was observed on Doppler echocardiography after 6 months, when all patients were in functional class I. The most frequent acute complication, present in 11% of the patients, was the need for definitive pacing implantation. Relapse of the symptoms and reappearance of the pressure gradient occurred in 16.6% of the patients. One patient (5.5%) died probably due to a diffuse coronary spasm prior to the procedure, and another died suddenly on late follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transluminal septal alcoholization is effective and safe in the treatment of HOC.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of the intraaortic balloon (IAoB) in association with coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients. METHODS: Fourteen high-risk patients unresponsive to clinical therapy and with formal contraindication to surgical revascularization were treated by coronary angioplasty, most of which was followed by stenting. All procedures were performed with circulatory support with the IAoB. This study reports the early results and the late findings after 12 months of follow-up. Six patients had multivessel coronary disease; of these, four had left main equivalent lesions and two had unprotected left main coronary artery disease, one of whom had severe "end-vessel" stenosis and the other was a patient with Chagas' disease with single-vessel lesion. Eleven patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction <30%. RESULTS: In 100% of the patients, the procedures were initially successful. Two patients had severe bleeding during the withdrawal of the left femoral sheath. At the end of twelve months, 4 patients were asymptomatic and the others were clinically controlled. There were two late deaths in the 7th and 11th months. CONCLUSION: The combined use of the intraaortic balloon pump and percutaneous coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients with acute ischemic syndromes provides the necessary hemodynamic stability to successfully perform the procedures.

Realizou-se estudo ecocardiográfico em 16 pacientes esquistossomóticos, 11 dos quais tinham hipertensão pulmonar comprovada por cateterismo cardíaco. Em sete casos havia hipertensão pulmonar ao ecocardiograma, embora em um deles os níveis de pressão fossem normais.

An echocardiographic study was done in sixteen patients with schistosomiasis, eleven of whom had pulmonary hypertension proved by cardiac catheterization. In seven patients there was evidence of pulmonary hypertension on the echocardiogram although in one of these normal pressure levels were recorded.